{"generated_at":"2026-08-24","count":46,"entries":[{"slug":"icon-network","name":"ICON Network","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-12-31","shutdown_date":"2026-12-31","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"unknown","summary":"ICON Network has been reported as scheduled to shut down by 31 December 2026 amid the broader 2026 project-closure wave. Treat dates and…"},{"slug":"bitmart","name":"BitMart","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-07-26","shutdown_date":"2027-01-31","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"open","summary":"Centralized exchange that announced an orderly wind-down on 26 July 2026: new registrations/deposits halted the same day, all trading end…"},{"slug":"bitmex","name":"BitMEX","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-07-23","shutdown_date":"2026-09-23","founded_year":2014,"claim_status":"open","summary":"Derivatives exchange that pioneered the crypto perpetual swap; HDR Global Trading announced orderly closure effective 23 September 2026 0…"},{"slug":"botanix","name":"Botanix (Bitcoin L2)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-07-09","shutdown_date":"2026-07-09","founded_year":2023,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Bitcoin Layer 2 wound down by Botanix Labs with a hard withdrawal deadline of 9 July 2026. After the deadline, the node federation was to…"},{"slug":"ascendex","name":"AscendEX","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-07-01","shutdown_date":"2026-07-01","founded_year":2018,"claim_status":"open","summary":"Centralized exchange (formerly BitMax) that ceased operations on 1 July 2026, citing missing EU MiCA authorization plus financial and ope…"},{"slug":"polygon-zkevm","name":"Polygon zkEVM","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-07-01","shutdown_date":"2026-07-01","founded_year":2023,"claim_status":"open","summary":"Polygon zkEVM Mainnet Beta sequencer was switched off on 1 July 2026 after a long-announced sunset. Wallet balances move to Ethereum L1 v…"},{"slug":"fantom-opera","name":"Fantom Opera","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-06-30","shutdown_date":"2026-06-30","founded_year":2019,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Fantom Opera L1 legacy network sunset by Sonic Labs on 30 June 2026 after the ecosystem migrated to the Sonic chain. Opera FTM→S bridge c…"},{"slug":"loopring","name":"Loopring (zkRollup / DEX)","kind":"protocol","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-06-28","shutdown_date":"2026-06-28","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"distributing","summary":"Pioneer zk-rollup DEX/AMM that permanently shut trading and took its relayer offline on 28 June 2026. The team described an orderly wind-…"},{"slug":"omni-core","name":"Omni Core (Omni Network L1)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2026-02-17","shutdown_date":"2026-02-17","founded_year":2023,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Omni Network’s original Omni Core blockchain was sunset on 17 February 2026; wallet balances, stakes, and held assets were migrated autom…"},{"slug":"clover","name":"Clover (parachain)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"unknown","halt_date":"2026-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2021,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Polkadot/Kusama ecosystem parachain whose public Subscan/indexing path became unreliable (~2022–2026). Include for reconstruction when ex…"},{"slug":"unique-network","name":"Unique Network (parachain)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"unknown","halt_date":"2026-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2021,"claim_status":"none","summary":"NFT-focused parachain (Unique Network) with degraded Subscan/public API access (~2022–2026). May still produce blocks; tax tooling loss i…"},{"slug":"celo-l1","name":"Celo Layer 1 (pre-L2)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2025-03-26","shutdown_date":"2025-03-26","founded_year":2020,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Celo’s independent Layer 1 halted block production on 26 March 2025 (~block 31,056,500) when the network migrated to an OP Stack Ethereum…"},{"slug":"oktc","name":"OKTC (OKExChain)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"unknown","halt_date":"2025-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2021,"claim_status":"none","summary":"OKX’s OKTC / former OKExChain EVM network with degraded OkLink / public indexing for tax tooling (~2022–2025). Include for users whose hi…"},{"slug":"bnb-beacon-chain","name":"BNB Beacon Chain (BEP2/BEP8)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2024-11-19","shutdown_date":"2024-11-19","founded_year":2019,"claim_status":"open","summary":"BNB Beacon Chain (BEP2/BEP8) was retired through BNB Chain Fusion; final sunset hardfork 19 November 2024 halted the chain. Mirrored asse…"},{"slug":"samourai-wallet","name":"Samourai Wallet","kind":"wallet","closure_kind":"seized","halt_date":"2024-04-24","shutdown_date":"2024-04-24","founded_year":2015,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Samourai Wallet was a non-custodial Bitcoin wallet whose operators were arrested in 2024 and whose hosted coordination services were disr…"},{"slug":"crypto-org-chain","name":"Crypto.org Chain (Cronos IBC path)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"unknown","halt_date":"2024-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2021,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Crypto.org Chain / IBC path with degraded public API access for tax tooling (~2022–2024). Distinct from Cronos EVM retail branding — keep…"},{"slug":"cryptosimple","name":"CryptoSimple","kind":"broker","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2024-01-01","shutdown_date":"2024-12-31","founded_year":2021,"claim_status":"unknown","summary":"French-facing crypto savings / investment platform that wound down in the early-mid 2020s (~2022–2024 coverage). Confirm exact shutdown c…"},{"slug":"parallel-finance","name":"Parallel Finance (parachain)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"unknown","halt_date":"2024-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2021,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Polkadot parachain (Parallel Finance) with degraded public wallet/indexer access (~2022–2024). Reconstruction likely requires archive nod…"},{"slug":"sakura","name":"Sakura (parachain)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"unknown","halt_date":"2024-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2021,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Kusama/Polkadot ecosystem parachain (Sakura) with degraded public indexer access (~2022–2024)."},{"slug":"yield-app","name":"Yield App","kind":"lender","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2024-01-01","shutdown_date":"2024-12-31","founded_year":2020,"claim_status":"unknown","summary":"CeFi earn / yield platform (Yield App) that left the market in the early-mid 2020s (~2021–2024). Confirm official wind-down / acquisition…"},{"slug":"zebitex","name":"Zebitex","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"acquired_shutdown","halt_date":"2024-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2018,"claim_status":"none","summary":"French exchange Zebitex wound down after acquisition by Paymium. Users may have history split across Zebitex exports and later Paymium ac…"},{"slug":"hotbit","name":"Hotbit","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2023-05-22","shutdown_date":"2023-06-21","founded_year":2018,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Centralized exchange that halted operations on 22 May 2023 (04:00 UTC) and gave users until ~21 June 2023 to withdraw, citing regulatory…"},{"slug":"bittrex","name":"Bittrex","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2023-04-30","shutdown_date":"2023-12-04","founded_year":2014,"claim_status":"closed","summary":"Long-running exchange: Bittrex US wound down / bankruptcy in 2023 after SEC action; Bittrex Global disabled trading on 4 December 2023 an…"},{"slug":"heco-chain","name":"HECO Chain (Huobi ECO Chain)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2023-01-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2020,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Huobi ECO Chain (HECO) EVM network whose public explorers/tooling became unreliable (~2022–2023). Ecosystem activity collapsed after Huob…"},{"slug":"genesis-global","name":"Genesis Global (lending)","kind":"lender","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2022-11-16","shutdown_date":"2023-01-19","founded_year":2013,"claim_status":"distributing","summary":"DCG-affiliated crypto lender that froze withdrawals in late 2022 and filed Chapter 11 in January 2023; Gemini Earn and other counterparti…"},{"slug":"ftx-us","name":"FTX US","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2022-11-11","shutdown_date":"2022-11-11","founded_year":2020,"claim_status":"distributing","summary":"US-regulated affiliate of FTX that entered the same November 2022 Chapter 11 proceedings. Keep separate from FTX.com when reconstructing…"},{"slug":"blockfi","name":"BlockFi","kind":"lender","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2022-11-10","shutdown_date":"2022-11-28","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"distributing","summary":"Crypto lender / earn platform that filed Chapter 11 in November 2022 after FTX contagion (following earlier 3AC stress). Wind-down and cr…"},{"slug":"ftx","name":"FTX","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2022-11-08","shutdown_date":"2022-11-11","founded_year":2019,"claim_status":"distributing","summary":"Major global crypto exchange (and related entities including Alameda) filed Chapter 11 in November 2022 after a customer-funds shortfall.…"},{"slug":"voyager","name":"Voyager Digital","kind":"broker","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2022-07-01","shutdown_date":"2022-07-06","founded_year":2018,"claim_status":"closed","summary":"US crypto broker that froze activity and filed Chapter 11 in July 2022 after large exposure to Three Arrows Capital. Customer recovery ra…"},{"slug":"three-arrows-capital","name":"Three Arrows Capital (3AC)","kind":"other","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2022-06-15","shutdown_date":"2022-06-27","founded_year":2012,"claim_status":"closed","summary":"Crypto hedge fund whose 2022 collapse cascaded into Voyager, Celsius, Genesis and others. Not a retail exchange, but central to CeFi cont…"},{"slug":"celsius","name":"Celsius Network","kind":"lender","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2022-06-12","shutdown_date":"2022-07-13","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"distributing","summary":"CeFi earn / lending platform that paused withdrawals in June 2022 and filed Chapter 11 in July 2022. Restructuring and creditor distribut…"},{"slug":"terra-luna","name":"Terra (LUNA / UST)","kind":"chain","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2022-05-12","shutdown_date":"2022-05-28","founded_year":2018,"claim_status":"none","summary":"L1 ecosystem whose UST depeg and LUNA hyperinflation in May 2022 destroyed on-exchange and on-chain balances; a new Terra chain launched…"},{"slug":"thodex","name":"Thodex","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2021-04-21","shutdown_date":"2021-04-22","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"unknown","summary":"Turkish exchange that abruptly halted in April 2021 amid allegations the founder absconded with customer funds; criminal proceedings foll…"},{"slug":"coinbene","name":"CoinBene","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"wind_down","halt_date":"2020-12-01","shutdown_date":null,"founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"unknown","summary":"Exchange that faced prolonged withdrawal failures and an effective wind-down in the early 2020s. Halt date is approximate until primary n…"},{"slug":"coss","name":"COSS","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2020-01-01","shutdown_date":"2020-12-31","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Crypto One-Stop Solution (COSS) exchange that ceased as a usable venue around 2020. Exact filing dates are soft — deepen when primary not…"},{"slug":"virwox","name":"VirWoX","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2020-01-01","shutdown_date":"2020-12-31","founded_year":2008,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Early fiat↔crypto / virtual-currency exchange (Second Life Linden Dollar era roots) that left the market around 2020. Useful for reconstr…"},{"slug":"quadrigacx","name":"QuadrigaCX","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2019-01-28","shutdown_date":"2019-02-05","founded_year":2013,"claim_status":"closed","summary":"Canadian exchange that collapsed after the death of founder Gerald Cotten; cold-wallet access and customer balances could not be reconcil…"},{"slug":"gatecoin","name":"Gatecoin","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2018-06-01","shutdown_date":"2019-03-01","founded_year":2013,"claim_status":"closed","summary":"Hong Kong exchange that entered liquidation after prolonged operational and security failures; creditor processes followed."},{"slug":"bitgrail","name":"BitGrail","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2018-02-08","shutdown_date":"2018-02-10","founded_year":2017,"claim_status":"unknown","summary":"Italian exchange that halted after a large Nano (XRB) shortfall in early 2018 and entered insolvency proceedings."},{"slug":"btc-e","name":"BTC-e / WEX","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"seized","halt_date":"2017-07-25","shutdown_date":"2017-07-26","founded_year":2011,"claim_status":"unknown","summary":"Long-running exchange seized by US authorities in 2017 (BTC-e); successor branding (WEX) did not restore a durable, trusted venue for mos…"},{"slug":"cryptsy","name":"Cryptsy","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2016-01-15","shutdown_date":"2016-01-15","founded_year":2013,"claim_status":"closed","summary":"Early altcoin exchange that shut down in 2016 amid insolvency and alleged theft of customer assets; US receivership followed."},{"slug":"mintpal","name":"MintPal","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2014-07-14","shutdown_date":"2015-02-01","founded_year":2013,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Early exchange hit by theft and operational failure; assets and operations did not recover into a lasting venue."},{"slug":"flexcoin","name":"Flexcoin","kind":"wallet","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2014-03-02","shutdown_date":"2014-03-04","founded_year":2011,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Hot-wallet bank-style service that shut down after a 2014 theft emptied hot wallets; cold wallets were reportedly returned where possible."},{"slug":"mt-gox","name":"Mt. Gox","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"bankruptcy","halt_date":"2014-02-24","shutdown_date":"2014-02-28","founded_year":2010,"claim_status":"distributing","summary":"Once the dominant Bitcoin exchange; suspended withdrawals in February 2014 after a massive BTC shortfall and entered Japanese bankruptcy…"},{"slug":"bitfloor","name":"Bitfloor","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2012-09-04","shutdown_date":"2013-04-01","founded_year":2011,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Early US Bitcoin exchange that suffered a major theft in 2012 and later shut down; illustrative of pre-Mt.-Gox operational risk."},{"slug":"bitcoinica","name":"Bitcoinica","kind":"exchange","closure_kind":"halted","halt_date":"2012-05-11","shutdown_date":"2012-08-01","founded_year":2012,"claim_status":"none","summary":"Early Bitcoin trading platform that suffered repeated thefts in 2012 and ceased operations; one of the first high-profile venue failures."}]}